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  1. Philip IV of Spain
    Philip IV of SpainKing of Spain and Portugal
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    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain
    Philip IV of Spain - Wikipedia
    Born8 April 1605 · Royal Palace of Valladolid, Valladolid, Crown of Castile, Spain
    Died17 September 1665 (aged 60) · Madrid, Crown of Castile, Spain
    SpousesElisabeth of France · (m. 1615; died 1644) · Mariana of Austria (m. 1649)
    FatherPhilip III of Spain
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    Personal life

    Philip IV was born in the Royal Palace of Valladolid, and was the eldest son of Philip III and his wife, Margaret of Austria. In 1615, at the age of 10, Philip was married to 13-year-old Elisabeth of France. Although the relationshi… See more

    Philip, Olivares and his royal favorites

    During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma, Philip III's principal favourite and chief minist… See more

    Foreign policy and the Thirty Years' War

    Philip was to reign through the majority of the Thirty Years' War in Europe, a turbulent period of military history. In Philip III's final years, Baltasar de Zúñiga had convinced him to intervene militarily in Bohemia and the Electoral P… See more

    Philip and the Spanish military

    Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived issues of the army, which they concluded were primarily due to the falta de cabezas, or a lack of leadership. In keeping with their wider agenda of renewing th… See more

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