Potassium balance in acid-base disorders - UpToDate
Metabolic acidosis — In metabolic acidosis, more than one-half of the excess hydrogen ions are buffered in the cells. In this setting, electroneutrality is maintained in part by the movement of intracellular potassium into the extracellular fluid ( figure 1 ).
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Sep 28, 2023 · This topic will review the classification and pathophysiology of the different forms of RTA and the impact these disorders have on potassium balance. The major causes, diagnosis, and treatment of RTA are discussed separately:
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - UpToDate
Gastrointestinal and renal hydrogen loss is usually accompanied by the loss of chloride and potassium, resulting in hypochloremia and hypokalemia. Patients with preserved kidney function should be able to rapidly excrete excess bicarbonate in the urine.
Pathogenesis, consequences, and treatment of metabolic
Mar 14, 2024 · The hydrogen ion concentration of the blood is determined by the ratio of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and plasma bicarbonate concentration. (See "Simple and mixed acid-base disorders", section on 'Physiology and assessment of acid-base status' .)
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively block gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump that resides on the luminal surface of the parietal cell membrane. This topic review will provide an overview of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, administration, and adverse effects of PPIs.
Strong ions and the analysis of acid-base disturbances ... - UpToDate
Oct 18, 2023 · The hydrogen ion concentration is expressed in blood as a function of the ratio between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2) and the serum bicarbonate (HCO 3-) concentration as defined by the following equation:
Treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in adults - UpToDate
Feb 5, 2024 · In some cases, the primary problem is movement of potassium out of the cells, even though the total body potassium may be reduced. Redistributive hyperkalemia most commonly occurs in uncontrolled hyperglycemia (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state).
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Detailed information, including chronic medications, electrocardiogram (ECG) features, and potassium/heart rate-directed treatments, was abstracted from the ED medical record. Intensive care utilization and in-hospital outcomes were also recorded.
Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities with diarrhea
Jul 11, 2022 · Overview and pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis and the effect on potassium balance; Potassium balance in acid-base disorders; Society guideline links: Fluid and electrolyte disorders in adults; The delta anion gap/delta HCO3 ratio in patients with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis; Treatment of hypovolemia (dehydration) in children
Clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia in adults
Optimal therapy in patients with hypokalemia due to potassium loss is dependent upon the severity of the potassium deficit. In addition, somewhat different considerations are required to minimize continued urinary losses due to diuretic therapy, or less often, to primary hyperaldosteronism.