The optical cross-section theorem asserts that the total cross section s(u 0; v) (also called the extinction cross section), which is the sum of the scattering cross section s(s)(u 0, v) and the absorption cross-section s(a)(u 0, v), is given by the expression s~u 0; v! 5 4p k Im f~u 0, u 0; v!, (1.7) where Im denotes the imaginary part. 2.