The vagus nerve, the longest nerve in the body, originates in the brainstem and extends down into the abdomen. It monitors and receives information about the functioning of the heart, lungs ...

Pathology is the precise study of the causes and consequences of a disease. The two major components of pathology are anatomical studies of structure and function at levels ranging from the whole ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs ... compressing the ipsilateral nerve root as it exits from the dural sac.