Bashar al-Assad and his father, Hafez, ruled Syria for more than half a century but how did one family achieve and maintain power?
His brother Maher and his brother-in-law, Assef Shawkat – two hardliners – were his main security advisers. In March 2011, protests about unemployment, corruption and lack of freedom broke out ...
Their sister Bushra was a strong voice in his inner circle, along with her husband, Deputy Defense Minister Assef Shawkat, until he was killed in a 2012 bombing. Bashar’s cousin, Rami Makhlouf ...
July 18, 2012 – Syria’s Deputy Defense Minister Assef Shawkat, Assad’s brother-in-law, is killed, along with two other regime officials, in an explosion at a national security building in ...
BEIRUT — Syrian President Bashar Assad fled the country on Sunday, bringing to a dramatic close his nearly 14-year struggle to hold onto control as his country fragmented in a brutal civil war that ...