Sir Isaac Newton once wrote, in what must be one of the most oft-quoted lines in the history of science, "If I have seen further it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." Well, any of us ...

Here, Galileo took this crude device ... aberration was a limiting factor in refracting telescopes, and that this could be overcome by making lenses with longer focal length, resulting in monsters ...

And soon, sure enough, Galileo went to work making bigger and better telescopes. Large light-gathering lenses were not yet available, so he concentrated on making longer telescopes, which produced ...

3 min read The Hubble Space Telescope was designed to free astronomers of a limitation that has plagued them since the days of Galileo—Earth's atmosphere. Shifting air pockets in the atmosphere ...

In 1609, about a year after an unknown author made the very first attempt to patent a telescope, Galileo Galilei designed and built his famous instrument: a tube of stacked magnifying lenses we'd ...

Galileo beam expanders or Galilean beam expanders ... projectors, microscopes, telescopes, and other optical instruments. True zoom lenses or parafocal lenses maintain their focus when the focal ...