Above this value, turbulence would invariably occur. This is a general result since it allows us to vary the type of fluid, flow speed and pipe diameter without having to use the words ``large'' or ...

In addition, as the video points out, fluid flow in a pipe is very similar to electrical current flowing through wires. The discussion about friction loss coves some math, but we were surprised ...

For instance, in the flow through a large duct where the boundary layers are very thin, viscous effects are confined to a rather small region, and the fluid friction may sometimes be neglected. This ...

which are detected in a third step by highly sensitive quantum sensors through the pipe wall after the fluid has flowed through a defined section. This method can be used to determine the flow ...