We will summarize the immune mechanisms of AE-IPF in the present review. Figure 2. The mechanism of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Environmental stress induces type II alveolar ...

Patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with vs without emphysema experienced worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and higher rates of acute respiratory ...

The role of echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains incompletely defined. Echocardiography cannot reliably diagnose acute PE, and it does not improve prognostication of patients with ...

is a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema triggered by a swift increase in negative intrapleural pressure due to upper airway obstruction and represents a potential cause of acute respiratory ...