Radiation testing suggests that solar cells made from carbon-based, or organic, materials could outperform conventional silicon and gallium arsenide for generating electricity in the final frontier, a ...

Input is received in the form of short-wave solar energy. This is called insolation ... Reflected heat, in the form of long-wave radiation, is trapped in our atmosphere and keeps our planet ...

there is a net gain of solar energy in the tropical latitudes ... In this region, incoming insolation exceeds outgoing radiation. There's an energy deficit between 35˚ North and the North Pole ...

Amid a steady stream of galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles raining down on planes, the higher altitude and latitude of flights, the higher radiation doses for crew and passengers.