For instance, a single second messenger or protein kinase might play a role in more than one pathway. Through this network of signaling pathways, the cell is constantly integrating all the ...

In the eukaryotic chemosensory signaling circuit, attractant signals sensed by cell-surface receptors are amplified by a positive feedback loop at the leading edge of the cell. The feedback loop, in ...

These activated subunits can act on ion channels in the cell membrane, as well as cellular enzymes and second messenger molecules that travel around the cell.