Any right-to-left shunt (including a patent foramen ovale [PFO]) can probably either allow migraine triggers to bypass pulmonary clearance and initiate a migraine attack or increase the individual ...

These "cryptogenic" strokes may in some instances be due to an embolus traveling through a right-to-left shunt in the heart. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in nearly one-quarter of ...

By contrast with previous studies that indicated a link between the severity of cardiac shunt on TCD ultrasonography and the occurrence of migraine, 5 Garg et al. observed that there was no ...