Usually, these are that the IUD may: 1) cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 2) cause infertility; and/or 3) be unsuitable for HIV-infected women. [12] These considerations are often not borne ...

Concerns about PID Worldwide, PID is one of the leading causes of ectopic pregnancy and preventable infertility in women. In 1988, a study estimated that the cost of preventable infertility in the ...