or particle-like, to hydrodynamic, or fluid-like, regime. “Evidence of a coupled electron-phonon liquid in NbGe2”: DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25547-x ...

A hole is essentially a missing electron in a semiconductor. Both holes and electrons possess spin, which can adopt one of two states: up or down, analogous to 0 and 1 in classical bits.

Because boron has one less electron than is required to form the bonds with the surrounding silicon atoms, an electron vacancy or “hole” is created ... wire back of the n-type layer, creating a flow ...

Coulomb blockade is a phenomenon in which the flow of electrons through a nanostructure, such as a quantum dot or a single-electron transistor, is restricted due to the electrostatic repulsion between ...