A vaginal pH exceeding a value of 4.5; The presence of so-called clue cells – vaginal epithelial ... hydroxide solution (positive whiff or sniff test). As an alternative, Gram-stain-based ...

In this study, we showed that 310 nm UV-LED irradiation had weak bactericidal effects on oral bacteria but showed low toxicity to gingival epithelial cells. It also induced the production of ROS ...