This generates an upward (buoyant) force on the air, as it is lighter than an equal volume of unheated air. Since most sunlight penetrates to the ground, during the day air near the ground is ...

Fluid statics: buoyancy, hydraulic jack, force on a submerged plate, manometry Fluid Dynamics: force of a fluid jet, drag on a cylinder in a wind tunnel Pipe Flow: frictional losses in pipes, pressure ...

Topics include: fluid behavior and fluid properties; hydrostatic pressure and forces; buoyancy and stability; conservation of mass, momentum, and energy; control volumes and system representations; ...