[2] For bipolar coagulation, the failure rate ranged from a high of 5.43% in the 18- to 27-year-old age group to a low of 0.63% in the 34- to 44-year-old age group. This trend toward decreasing ...

High failure rates have been associated with inadvertent interchange of wires resulting from low current output. Spring-clip application is most effective when the clips completely compress and ...