In academic writing it is necessary to be able to express the relationship between causes and their effects, or effects and their causes. Study this paragraph from a student's essay. The language of ...

Zhang is joined on the paper by co-lead author Ryan Welch, currently a master's student in engineering ... them to efficiently explore cause-and-effect relationships. In previous work, the ...

And although such relationships are, in the strict sense, merely very good correlations, human beings routinely, and necessarily, use them to assign cause and effect. As discussed on this page a ...