A highly unusual 17th-century painting featuring a Black sitter and a white sitter side by side is on rare public view.

Without doubt, the least studied of these convergences has been that of the negro/a (Black) populations in and around Manila that formed during the long seventeenth century. Most scholarship on ...

The status of blacks in Virginia slowly changed over the last half of the 17th century. The black indentured servant, with his hope of freedom, was increasingly being replaced by the black slave.

However, it also includes a disparaging remark about enslaved African people, and occasionally uses pejorative language that demonstrates colonialist attitudes of the time. Keywords: Filipino cultural ...